Consistent cloud cover during the dry season limits annual sunlight hours in coastal Ecuador to about half of the average of other cacao-growing regions. This effect is believed to exert a unique influence on the flavor profile of Ecuadorian cacao, owing to the critical relationship between sunlight and rain and the resulting differences in acidity and sugar levels of the fruit. Think of the difference between Pinot Noir wine produced in Burgundy versus the Russian River Valley in California.

When properly fermented, Nacional cacao from Manabí tends to be well-balanced with moderate acidity and tannic structure, famously aromatic, with a highly complex range of flavor notes across the floral-fruit spectrum, often with grassy and nutty notes, among other accompanying characteristics.

The very finest of wines, be they from Bordeaux or Napa or Tokaj, allow us the privilege of tasting the valley in which the grape was grown. To’ak’s Harvest editions offer connoisseurs of dark chocolate this same opportunity—to taste not only the land, but also the characteristics of the particular year in which it was harvested.

The cacao trees in these small family-owned plantations are intermixed with banana and papaya and grow in the shade of larger fruit trees, such as mango, citrus, guava, mamey, breadfruit, sapote, soursop, ice cream bean, and a long list of other tropical hallmarks and regional specialties. Significantly, Piedra de Plata was disconnected from the rest of the country by road up until the 1990s. This peculiarity is responsible for the somewhat accidental preservation of Ancient Nacional cacao genetics among its unusually old cacao trees.

For us, Piedra de Plata is to cacao what the Côte de Nuits in the French province of Burgundy is to wine.

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In the photo you can see To'ak cacao growers standing in front of a cacao tree in Piedra de Plata estimated to be over 100 years old. DNA analysis has confirmed that this tree is 100% pure Nacional.

It is not merely a question of the balance between rain, sun, and clouds—it is also the timing, duration, and relative intensity of each of those elements that determines the quality of a cacao harvest. For example, a rainy season that gets off to a weak start can result in smaller fruits with greater acidity. Excessive rains at the beginning of the rainy season can disrupt flowering and fruit-set during the most critical months of growth, resulting in a lower yield. Steady rains and otherwise optimal weather can produce a high yield of healthy fruit with low acidity but also, potentially, less polyphenolic complexity.The ways in which weather can influence flavor is nearly endless. An unseasonable drought during ripening can result in low sugar/high acidity fruit with high tannic content and also admirable complexity. Rainy weather during fermentation can reduce fermentation temperatures, which can result in greater astringency but also greater polyphenolic content and more intense aroma. Conversely, hot and sunny weather during fermentation can increase fermentation temperatures, facilitating a smoother, more balanced cacao with a more delicate aroma.These are but a few of the scenarios that can exert influence on the flavor profile of our cacao during any given harvest year. Managing these scenarios as they arise, and addressing their implications during various different phases of the production process, is the challenge and the joy of tree-to-bar chocolate-making.

Once harvested, we place our cacao beans in Spanish Elm wood fermentation bins for a period of three to six days, depending on harvest characteristics and flavor profile objectives. The fermentation process breaks down unwanted tannins and other coarse polyphenols within the beans, thus muting the bitterness and releasing finer, more subtle flavors. The fermented beans are then very gradually dried by sun and fresh air in an installation that resembles a small greenhouse, albeit one that is surrounded by cacao trees.

Every single step of our production process is aimed at expressing the unique flavor profile of the terroir and variety of the cacao beans we have the privilege of working with. Our small team produces To’ak chocolate together with other renowned chocolate makers based in Ecuador, such as Guillermo Heredia at Ecuatoriana de Chocolates, Danilo Valencia at Nativaromas, and Vicente Norero at Camino Verde. 

In the middle of each To’ak Signature, Reserve, and Master chocolate bar is a single roasted cacao bean. We recognize there is a tendency to forget that chocolate is ultimately derived from the fruit of a tree. It is our wish to share with connoisseurs the opportunity to taste the true source of chocolate and its most fundamental element—the cacao bean itself. Although the bean inevitably expresses some of its inherent bitterness, it also reveals the more robust, unprocessed elements of its essential flavor, with a rich nutty undertone. We believe that tasting the actual cacao bean is a crucial step toward the understanding of chocolate on a more fundamental level. It’s akin to pulling a grape off the vine in your favorite vineyard: There is something special there that transcends even the final product itself—a connection to its origin.

As chocolate-makers who also appreciate both wine and whisky, this struck us as an interesting concept. Winemakers and whisky distillers have been using the phenomenon of aging to their advantage for centuries. In the world of chocolate, the concept of aging had never been thoroughly examined prior to To’ak’s aging program. Starting in 2013, we initiated the world’s first-ever long-term aging program for dark chocolate. Some of our editions have been aged for up to six years.

Over the course of this process, we’ve consulted winemakers, enology professors, sommeliers, molecular scientists, conducted phenolic analysis in partnership with the enology department of Washington University. We’ve also experimented with more than 25 different aging vessels in countless different forms and conditions.